原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层热力学与耐磨性研究

熔覆层性能难以满足特定的工艺要求，已成为限制激光熔覆发展的关键因素之一.鉴于此，在45号钢基体上制备出原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层，并进行了热力学分析.通过XRD，SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及组成成分进行了分析，对其显微硬度及耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:激光功率的改变对激光熔覆过程中原位反应的反应程度有显著影响，过大或者过小的激光功率均会对原位反应的发生起到抑制作用;YCF102熔覆层中原位生成的NbC颗粒的主要形态为四边形和花瓣形;当激光功率为525W时，原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度及良好的耐磨性.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

空域色噪声背景下双基地MIMO雷达角度估计

空域有色噪声会导致现有多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output, MIMO)雷达算法性能下降, 甚至完全失效。针对空域色噪声背景下双基地MIMO雷达联合波离角(direction of departure, DOD)和波达角(direction of arrival, DOA)估计问题, 分析了现有算法失效的原因。考虑到匹配滤波后无噪协方差矩阵的低秩特性、色噪声协方差矩阵的稀疏特性以及MIMO雷达数据的多维结构特性, 提出一种基于张量分析的角度估计算法。首先, 构造角度估计的协方差张量, 通过去除协方差张量中受噪声协方差影响的元素对色噪声进行抑制。其次，利用张量填充技术对无噪协方差矩阵进行恢复。然后，利用平行因子分解获得目标角度的方向矩阵。最后, 采用最小二乘算法对目标的DOA和DOD进行拟合。仿真结果表明, 所提算法对色噪声不敏感, 且无孔径损失。相比现有矩阵及张量分析算法, 所提算法具有更高的估计精度。     

Methods for backcasting,nowcasting and forecasting using factor‐MIDAS: With an application to Korean GDP

We utilize mixed‐frequency factor‐MIDAS models for the purpose of carrying out backcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting experiments using real‐time data. We also introduce a new real‐time Korean GDP dataset, which is the focus of our experiments. The methodology that we utilize involves first estimating common latent factors (i.e., diffusion indices) from 190 monthly macroeconomic and financial series using various estimation strategies. These factors are then included, along with standard variables measured at multiple different frequencies, in various factor‐MIDAS prediction models. Our key empirical findings as follows. (i) When using real‐time data, factor‐MIDAS prediction models outperform various linear benchmark models. Interestingly, the “MSFE‐best” MIDAS models contain no autoregressive (AR) lag terms when backcasting and nowcasting. AR terms only begin to play a role in “true” forecasting contexts. (ii) Models that utilize only one or two factors are “MSFE‐best” at all forecasting horizons, but not at any backcasting and nowcasting horizons. In these latter contexts, much more heavily parametrized models with many factors are preferred. (iii) Real‐time data are crucial for forecasting Korean gross domestic product, and the use of “first available” versus “most recent” data “strongly” affects model selection and performance. (iv) Recursively estimated models are almost always “MSFE‐best,” and models estimated using autoregressive interpolation dominate those estimated using other interpolation methods. (v) Factors estimated using recursive principal component estimation methods have more predictive content than those estimated using a variety of other (more sophisticated) approaches. This result is particularly prevalent for our “MSFE‐best” factor‐MIDAS models, across virtually all forecast horizons, estimation schemes, and data vintages that are analyzed.     

贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR反应体系建立及优化

为建立贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,采用单因素试验的方法,对影响ISSR-PCR反应体系的模板DNA浓度、MgCl2浓度、d NTPs浓度、Taq酶用量、引物浓度等各因素进行了研究,确立了贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系。结果显示:最优反应体系的模板DNA浓度为40ng/u L、引物浓度为0.3umol/L、Mg2+的浓度2.9mmol/L、酶浓度0.3U、d NTPs浓度0.2mmol/L,退火温度为54℃。建立该反应体系可为贵州山核桃ISSR标记开发、物种分类鉴定、遗传图谱构建等后续分析奠定基础。     

带噪音预处理的改进探索性Q矩阵标定方法

考虑到在实际应用中学生在做题时的猜测和失误(统称为噪音)会影响探索性因素分析法所使用的四分相关矩阵的质量,该文提出四分相关矩阵的一种噪音修正方法,并将其应用于Q矩阵标定.模拟研究结果表明:猜测和失误这2种噪音会对Q矩阵的标定产生不利的影响; 基于修正后的四分相关矩阵的探索性因素分析法,在样本量较大和噪音较大等情况下,均能有效地提高Q矩阵标定的准确率.     

奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

基于因子分析的农村中学生体质的因素分析

中学生中农村人口占较大部分,他们的体质影响着未来我国人口的整体状况.对随机抽样的1 724名农村中学生进行调查,采用数理统计法和实验法,对具有重要影响的16个子因素进行因子分析,认为在生活方式、家庭和学校等3个方面对农村中学生的体质起着决定作用.对这3个方面的改善给出了建议,为学校体育在提高和改善农村中学生体质科学研究方面提供理论依据.     

宁波市公共自行车服务满意度评价模型构建研究

以宁波市公共自行车为例，将因子分析法与二项logistic法相结合，对采集的1 688份居民满意度有效问卷展开分析。利用因子分析法筛选出6个因子，利用二项logistic法剔除并筛选出5个有效因子构建公共自行车服务满意度评价模型，合理评估当前宁波市公共自行车服务满意度。同时，利用随机抽取并不参与建模的5%问卷样本对评价模型进行校验，以确保模型的准确性与合理性。该研究有助于合理评价当前宁波市居民对公共自行车的服务满意度，同时适用于对未来一段时间内公共自行车服务满意度的预测。